ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate agronomic performance in cultivars of the Cavendish banana under the soil and climate conditions of the microregion of Assis in the state of São Paulo over three production cycles. The experiment was set up at the Fazenda São José Farm, Água do Pau d´Alho, in Palmital, São Paulo. The Grande Naine, IAC2001 and FHIA02 cultivars were evaluated, considering the following variables: cultivar; plant height; pseudostem perimeter; number of leaves at flowering and harvest; number of days from planting to flowering, from planting to harvest, and from flowering to harvest; weight of the bunch, stalk and fruit per bunch; number of hands per bunch; productivity of the fruit and pulp; weight and number of fingers on the second hand; weight, length and diameter of the finger; pulp diameter; and weight and thickness of the peel. The data were subjected to multivariate statistical techniques (principal component factor analysis, tree clustering, two-way joining, and correspondence). The results showed the extraction of three principal factors that accounted for 89.63% of the total variance of the characteristics under analysis: banana production (Factor 1), vegetative development (Factor 2), and cultivars and fruit diameter (Factor 3). The productive performance of the FHIA02 cultivar was homogeneous and inferior to that of the other cultivars, as seen in the two-way joining cluster analysis. Only the Grande Naine and IAC2001 cultivars are recommended for cultivation in the micro-region of Assis, São Paulo, with Grande Naine showing the largest fruit and, especially, the largest pulp diameter.

Abstract Coffee is an activity of great economic importance in Brazil and especially for the geographical micro-region of Marilia, in the State of São Paulo. The cultivars studied have relevant agronomic characteristics, due to their low height, tolerance to pests and diseases, high productive potential and excellent beverages quality. The objective of this work was to verify the profitability indexes, referring to the production cost of these cultivars with the same edaphoclimatic and crop management conditions. Agronomic data were obtained from field experiments whose production system effectively represents the reality of the studied micro-region. Effective and total operating costs, annual asset replacement cost (CARP) productivity and average production costs for the period from 2016 to 2021. The data used for the structuring of technical coefficients were collected from the coffee grower. The results showed that both cultivars had practically the same productivity, with a difference of 1.2% in the last season studied. The production cost shows a variation in the importance of each item in the composition of the COE over the period; in the first harvest, the item “machine hours” was of greater relevance. In the 2019 harvest, due to climatic problems, despite being irrigated, there was a lower grain production, inputs were the most expensive. The safety margin demonstrates that the coffee production of the two cultivars did not present a risk of loss in the period from 2016 to 2021, even in the 2019 harvest, when they resulted in the lowest rates, such as - 0.43% for the cultivar Catuaí red IAC 144 and of - 0,27% for IAPAR 59. Profitability was positive in all years studied for cultivars Catuaí red IAC 144 and IAPAR 59. The use of two cultivars is a fundamental technique to minimize or dilute the risks inherent in agricultural production.

Resumo A cafeicultura é uma atividade de grande importância econômica no Brasil e, especialmente, para a microrregião geográfica de Marilia, no Estado de São Paulo. As cultivares estudadas possuem características agronômicas relevantes, por terem porte baixo, tolerância a pragas e doenças, elevado potencial produtivo e excelente qualidade de bebida. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar os índices de lucratividade, referentes aos custos de produção dessas cultivares com as mesmas condições edafoclimáticas e de manejo. Os dados agronômicos foram obtidos a partir de experimento de campo cujo sistema de produção representa efetivamente a realidade da microrregião estudada. Foram levantados os custos operacionais efetivos e totais, custo anual de reposição do patrimônio (CARP), produtividade e custos médios de produção para o período de 2016 a 2021. Os dados utilizados para a estruturação de coeficientes técnicos foram coletados junto ao cafeicultor. Os resultados demonstraram que ambas as cultivares apresentaram praticamente a mesma produtividade, com diferença de 1,2% na última safra estudada. O custo de produção apresenta uma variação da importância de cada item na composição do COE ao longo do período; na primeira safra o item “horas máquinas” foi de maior relevância. Já na safra de 2021, a “mão de obra” foi o item com a maior desembolso realizado. Na safra 2019, devido a problemas climáticos mesmo com sendo irrigado houve uma menor produção de grãos, os insumos foram os mais dispendiosos. A margem de segurança demonstra que a produção de café das duas cultivares não apresentaram risco de prejuízo no período de 2016 a 2021, mesmo na safra de 2019, quando resultaram nos menores índices, como -0,43% para a cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e de -0,27% para a IAPAR 59. A lucratividade foi positiva em todos os anos estudados para as cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e IAPAR 59. A utilização duas cultivares é uma técnica fundamental para minimizar ou diluir os riscos inerentes a produção agrícola.

Resumo A caracterização de cultivares de bananeiras constitui etapa importante, que permite identificar materiais adaptados para determinada região. O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico nas condições edafoclimáticas da microrregião geográfica de Assis-SP, durante os três primeiros ciclos de produção. O experimento foi instalado na Fazenda São José, Palmital-SP, sendo avaliadas 10 cultivares (Grande Naine, IAC 2001, FHIA 02, Bucaneiro, FHIA 17, Calypso, Ambrosia, Thap Maeo, BRS Princesa e Caipira), durante três ciclos produtivos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e parcelas de 8,75 m2, compostas por 5 plantas. As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura, perímetro do pseudocaule, número de folhas no florescimento e colheita, massa do cacho, número de pencas por cacho, produtividade de frutos e polpa. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, aos testes de comparação de médias e à análise multivariada de agrupamentos ou “tree clustering”. As cultivares Grande Naine e IAC 2001, do subgrupo Cavendish, são as mais indicadas para o cultivo na microrregião geográfica de Assis-SP, considerando o desempenho produtivo nos ciclos avaliados.

Abstract The characterization of banana cultivars is an important stage, which allows the identification of materials adapted to a particular region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the geographic microregion of Assis, State of São Paulo, during the first three production cycles. The experiment was installed at São José Farm, Palmital, SP, where ten banana cultivars (Grande Naine, IAC 2001, FHIA 02, Bucaneiro, FHIA 17, Calypso, Ambrosia, Thap Maeo, BRS Princesa and Caipira) were evaluated during the three production cycles. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates, each plot with 8.75 m2 and 5 plants per plot. The evaluated variables were plant height, pseudostem perimeter, number of leaves at flowering and harvesting, bunch mass, number of hands per bunch, fruit and pulp yield. Results were submitted to analysis of variance, means comparison tests and multivariate clustering or tree clustering analysis. ‘Grande Naine’ and ‘IAC 2001’ cultivars, as well as those of the Cavendish subgroup, are the most suitable for cultivation in the geographic microregion of Assis, SP, considering production performance in the evaluated production cycles.

ABSTRACT This paper explored the mix market characteristics of sheep meat as a product for sale in different cities in the states of São Paulo and Paraná. For this, 81 products were purchased in 21 outlets sampled in a “non-probabilistic” manner for convenience and then subjected to analysis of yield of meat, bone, and fat. Imported products represented 20% of the total, being marketed in hypermarkets. It was observed that 37% of the total products were obtained in hypermarkets, 31% in supermarkets, 23% in butcher shops, and 8.6% in meat outlets. Almost 9% of the products had not undergone the official slaughter inspection system. The main types of products identified were palettes and legs with bones (33.3 and 24.7%, respectively); however, only 25% were satisfactorily displayed to consumers. The yields obtained in meat and deboned portions were 74% and 59% of the total weight, significantly affecting the average adjusted sales prices of the products, respectively US$13.01/kg sale price; US$17.82/kg deboned; and US$22.52/kg lean meat. The low yield of clean and boned meat observed in the samples can lead to negative experiences of these products by consumers.

Resumo: Este trabalho visa comprovar a existência de mercado para a carne ovina em cidades médias próximas a Presidente Prudente (mercado regional) e a percepção desses consumidores sobre os produtos que adquirem. Foram entrevistados 3.249 pessoas em oito cidades médias próximas utilizando-se formulários implementados em dispositivos portáteis. Investigou-se a frequência de consumo (atual e potencial) e opiniões sobre as características da carne ovina, e preferências de aquisição e consumo. Parte dos dados obtidos, referentes aos consumidores de carne ovina, foi tabulada e submetida a testes de validação e consistência interna; técnicas de estatística descritiva e multivariada. Do total de pessoas entrevistadas, 38,5% foram considerados consumidores de fato. O estudo comprovou que existe grande demanda de carne ovina nos municípios analisados em consumo domiciliar mensal, preferencialmente, na forma assada (68,5% na brasa e 18,8% no forno). A aquisição de produtos sem garantias oficiais de inspeção continua elevada, sendo que os supermercados apresentaram os piores níveis de satisfação em relação ao preço praticado (ao contrário da compra direta do produtor), mas, mesmo assim, este canal de comercialização de varejo é reconhecido como fornecedor de produtos seguros do ponto de vista higiênico-sanitário.

Abstract: This work aims to prove the existence of a market for sheep in medium-sized cities near Presidente Prudente, São Paulo (regional market), and the perception of these consumers on the products they purchase. A total of 3,249 people were interviewed in eight medium-sized cities using forms implemented in portable devices. The frequency of consumption (current and potential) and opinions on the characteristics of sheep meat, and preferences of acquisition and consumption were investigated. Part of the data obtained on sheep meat consumers was tabulated and subjected to validation tests and internal consistency; techniques of descriptive and multivariate statistics. From the total number of people interviewed, 38.5% were considered consumers. The study showed that there is a great demand for sheep meat in the municipalities analyzed in monthly household consumption, preferably in roasted form (68.5% in the coals and 18.8% in the oven). The purchase of products without official guarantees of inspection continues to be high, with supermarkets presenting the worst levels of satisfaction in relation to the price practiced (as opposed to the direct purchase of the producer). However, even so, this retail marketing channel is recognized as a supplier of hygiene-sanitary products.

O objetivo do trabalho é identificar as atividades rurais com maior capacidade de geração de emprego e renda e as relações existentes entre o desenvolvimento científico e capacitação rural no Pontal do Paranapanema em horizonte temporal de 10 anos (2008-2018). Utilizou-se a abordagem Technological Foresight para a estruturação do levantamento prospectivo e métodos e técnicas de estatística multivariada na análise dos resultados. As informações foram levantadas em um painel estruturado com a participação de 50 especialistas da região. Os resultados demonstram que níveis de capacitação técnica, oferta de tecnologias e assistência técnica são variáveis que têm grande importância para geração de emprego e renda futura. Além disso, ações de transferência de tecnologia são prioritárias no curto prazo e as de P&D com capacitação técnica de produtores e trabalhadores rurais, no longo prazo. Destacaram-se, para a geração de empregos ao trabalhador rural, as atividades de produção relacionadas à agroindústria. Novas atividades como a heveicultura, eucalipto, caprinos, ovinos, integração lavoura-pecuária e plantas ornamentais foram consideradas importantes para a geração de renda.

The objective of this study is to identify rural activities with greater capacity to generate employment and income, and the relationship between scientific development and rural training in the Pontal do Paranapanema region in a period of 10 years (2008-2018). We have used the Technological Foresight approach to structure the survey and prospective methods and techniques of multivariate statistical analysis of results. Information has been raised at a panel organized with the participation of 50 experts from the region, and the results showed that levels of technical expertise, supply of technologies and technical assistance are variables which are important to generate employment and future income. In addition, actions of technology transfer are essential in the short run and the R&D with technical training for farmers and workers, in the long run. Production activities related to agribusiness were highlighted for job creation to rural workers. New activities, such as rubber tree, eucalyptus, goats, sheep, crop-livestock integration and ornamental plants were considered important to generate income.